MAX232 RS-232 to Serial TTL Converter IC

The MAX232 is a highly versatile RS-232 to TTL voltage level converter IC designed to enable reliable serial communication between devices that use different voltage standards — such as microcontrollers (TTL logic) and RS-232-compatible devices (computers, modems, GPS modules, etc.). It converts the RS-232 voltage levels (±12V) to TTL logic levels (0V–5V) and vice versa, making it an essential component in serial data communication systems.

Developed by Maxim Integrated, the MAX232 uses dual charge pump technology that generates the required RS-232 voltage levels from a single +5V supply, eliminating the need for dual power rails. It includes two drivers and two receivers, allowing full-duplex serial communication, and is available in a 16-pin Dual Inline Package (DIP), ideal for breadboard or PCB-based designs.

Features:

• Converts RS-232 signal levels to TTL/CMOS logic levels and vice versa
• Two receivers and two transmitters for full-duplex serial communication
• Operates from a single +5V supply
• Built-in charge pump capacitors generate ±10V levels for RS-232 signaling
• Low power consumption and high data rate support
• TTL-compatible logic for direct interface with microcontrollers (Arduino, PIC, AVR, etc.)
• Wide operating temperature range
• Standard 16-pin DIP package for easy prototyping
• Excellent noise immunity and reliable signal integrity

Functional Description:

• Transmitters (T1, T2): Convert TTL/CMOS logic levels (0V–5V) to RS-232 voltage levels (±10V).
• Receivers (R1, R2): Convert RS-232 input signals (±12V) to TTL logic levels for microcontroller compatibility.
• The charge pump circuit internally generates the required RS-232 voltage levels from a single +5V supply using four external capacitors (typically 1µF each).
• The IC provides bi-directional data communication, supporting full-duplex serial data exchange.

Applications:

• RS-232 to TTL serial communication interfaces
• PC-to-microcontroller communication (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, PIC, AVR, ARM, etc.)
• Modem, GPS, and GSM module interfacing
• Serial console interfaces for embedded systems
• Data logging and diagnostic equipment
• Instrumentation and industrial automation systems

Specifications:

• Type: RS-232 to TTL converter IC
• Logic Family: TTL/CMOS
• Supply Voltage (VCC): 4.5V to 5.5V
• Typical Supply Current: 8 mA
• Data Rate: Up to 120 kbps
• Operating Temperature Range: 0°C to +70°C
• Output Voltage (RS-232 side): ±10V
• Output Voltage (TTL side): 0V to 5V
• Package Type: 16-pin DIP

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